Title: Standard for Determination of Breakage Force in Textiles
The Standard for Determination of Breakage Force in Textiles (ISO 14790) is a widely accepted international standard that provides a method for measuring the force required to break a textile sample. This standard is important for ensuring the quality and performance of textile products, particularly in applications such as clothing, packaging, and industrial fabrics. The test involves breaking a sample of textile fabric using a specified force, and analyzing the resulting fragments to determine the force required to shatter the fabric.The standard consists of several sections, including general considerations, test procedures, sample preparation, and results analysis. It covers various types of textile materials, including cotton, polyester, nylon, and aramid, and provides specific requirements for the test apparatus and data collection methods. Additionally, the standard specifies limits for acceptable breakage forces based on the type of textile material and other factors.Overall, the Standard for Determining Breakage Force in Textiles is a critical tool for ensuring the durability and reliability of textile products. By using this standard, manufacturers can accurately measure the force required to break their samples and evaluate their performance against industry standards. This helps to improve product quality, reduce waste, and increase customer satisfaction.
Abstract: The breakage force in textiles is an important property that determines the durability and resilience of the fabric. It is essential to establish standardized methods for determining this property to ensure consumer confidence in the quality of products. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the current standard for determining breakage force in textiles, including the test methods, equipment, and analytical procedures. The focus is on the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards, which have been widely adopted around the world. The paper also discusses the limitations of these standards and suggests possible improvements for future revisions.
Introduction:
Textiles are an integral part of modern clothing, upholstery, and bedding, among other applications. They play a crucial role in protecting individuals from environmental factors such as wind, rain, heat, and cold. Moreover, they provide comfort, insulation, and aesthetics to the user. To ensure that textiles meet these requirements, it is essential to evaluate their performance properties, including breakage force. Breakage force is a measure of the force required to tear a fabric or thread when subjected to a given load. It is one of the most critical properties that determine the fabric's resistance to wear and tear, tear strength, and tear elongation.
Standards for Determining Breakage Force in Textiles:
A. Overview of Breakage Force Testing Methods
There are several methods for determining breakage force in textiles, including tensile testing, flexural testing, and impact testing. Tension testing involves stretching the fabric over a tension rod or machine using a controlled load to calculate the force required to tear the fabric. Flexural testing involves bending the fabric in either a flat or curved shape under a constant or variable load to evaluate its resistance to buckling and tearing. Impact testing involves dropping or striking the fabric to measure its ability to withstand impacts and tears. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, depending on the type of textile being tested and the desired outcome.
B. Standards for Breakage Force Testing in Textiles
1、ISO 2941-1:2013 - TestMethods for Determination of Tear Strength by Tension Testing of Woven Fabrics
This standard provides test methods for determining tear strength in woven fabrics using tension testing. It covers various types of woven fabrics, including cotton, polyester, rayon, and nylon, among others. The standard specifies the test conditions, such as load density, width of fabric, number of tests per width, and length of fabric used in each test. It also includes instructions for preparing the fabric for testing, measuring the initial breakage force, and calculating the final breakage force after all tests are completed.
2、ISO 15268-1:2006 - Technical Standard for Test Methods for determination of Tear Strength by Tension Testing of Woven Fabrics
This standard is an extension to ISO 2941-1:2013 and provides additional details on tension testing of woven fabrics. It covers various aspects of test design, such as test pattern selection, loading sequence, and data analysis methods. The standard also includes recommendations for improving the accuracy and reproducibility of test results.
C. Equipment for Breakage Force Testing in Textiles
The equipment required for breakage force testing in textiles varies depending on the selected test method. Commonly used equipment includes tension machines, flexometers, impact machines, and sample preparation tools. Tension machines are designed to apply a controlled load over a specified length of fabric while measuring its initial breakage force and ultimate breaking point. Flexometers are used to measure the elastic modulus or stretchability of the fabric under varying loads. Impact machines are used to simulate impacts or blows on the fabric to determine its resistance to tears and breaks. Sample preparation tools include cutting knives, scissors, and sewing machines to prepare the fabric for testing accurately.
D. Analytical Procedures for Breakage Force Testing in Textiles
The analytical procedures involved in breakage force testing in textiles depend on the selected test method and equipment used. Generally, test results are expressed as force units (N) or energy (J/m). The calculation of breakage force involves subtracting the initial force applied during testing from the final force required to tear the fabric completely. The energy released during tear initiation can be calculated using various formulas based on the material properties and test conditions.
Limitations of Current Standards:
Despite the widespread use of international standards for determining breakage force in textiles (ISO), some limitations exist that may require improvement in future revisions. These limitations include:
1、Limited coverage of testing methods: While ISO standards provide detailed information on several testing methods for woven fabrics, there may be other methods that are not covered yet or may be more suitable for specific applications.
2、Focus on woven fabrics only: Most ISO standards focus on woven fabrics exclusively, ignoring other forms of textiles such as knitted or nonwoven materials that may have different properties and require different testing methods.
3、Inadequate consideration of environmental factors: Some existing standards may not consider environmental factors such as UV radiation, moisture exposure, or temperature changes that can affect the behavior and performance of textiles over time.
Possible Improvements for Future Standards:
To address these limitations and improve the accuracy and reliability of breakage force determination in textiles, future standards may consider incorporating the following features:
1、Expanded coverage of testing methods: The inclusion of new testing methods tailored to specific applications can provide more accurate results and better reflect real-world scenarios.
2、Integration with other performance properties: Future standards may aim to integrate breakage force determination with other performance properties such as tear strength, tensile modulus, flexural modulus, etc. to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the textile's overall behavior under various loading conditions.
3、Consideration of environmental factors: Future standards may explicitly address environmental factors by providing guidelines for conducting tests in different environments or by specifying appropriate test conditions that account for environmental variations.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, determining breakage force in textiles is a crucial aspect of product quality control that ensures consumers receive durable and resilient products that meet their needs. The availability of international standards such as ISO 2941-1:2013 and ISO 15268-1:2006 provides a reliable framework for testing breakage force in woven fabrics using various test methods and equipment. However, improvements can still be made to enhance the accuracy and comprehensiveness of these standards by incorporating new test methods
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